The Illustrated Book of Sounds & Their Spelling Patterns, 3rd Ed.

Segmenting and blending are fundamental phonemic awareness skills that form the basis of early literacy development. Segmenting involves the practice of identifying and isolating the individual sounds within words. This skill can be introduced to children as early as preschool. Initially, you can model segmenting by saying a word out loud and asking the children to focus on the sounds they hear. Gradually, encourage them to segment the word with you, and with practice, they'll become adept at independently breaking words into their individual sounds. Blending, on the other hand, is the complementary skill. Here, you enunciate the distinct sounds you hear in a word, then gradually bring them closer together until you say the complete word. These phonemic awareness exercises, segmenting and blending, are crucial in helping children grasp the relationship between sounds and letters, laying the foundation for reading and language skills.

Phonetic spelling, also known as invented spelling, was a pedagogical trend in early education. This approach aimed to encourage children to start writing words using the letters that made sense to them, often resulting in creative spellings. For instance, a child might write "FONIX" for "phonics" or "PENSL" for "pencil." However, promoting phonetic spelling can be detrimental because, once children associate sounds with their written representations, these initial spellings can become ingrained, making it challenging to correct them later. In my kindergarten class, a daily practice involved having children draw a picture and provide a caption for it. While their initial spellings were often inaccurate, this provided a valuable opportunity to guide them toward the correct phonics and spelling. By using the words they wanted to write as a starting point, we could effectively integrate phonics and spelling instruction, gradually helping them improve their written language skills.